Horon: The Heartbeat of the Black Sea

 

One of the most energetic and captivating traditional dances in Turkey, Horon originates from the vibrant and mountainous Black Sea region, particularly from the provinces of Trabzon, Rize, Artvin, and Giresun. Characterized by fast-paced footwork, rhythmic movements, and a strong sense of community, Horon is much more than a dance—it is a cultural identity, a celebration, and a way of life.

Origins and Cultural Significance

Horon has deep historical roots, with influences tracing back to the Pontic Greeks and ancient Anatolian civilizations. Its name is believed to have derived from the Greek word "choros," meaning dance. For centuries, people living in the Black Sea region used Horon as a way to express joy, unity, and resistance to life’s hardships.

Traditionally, Horon was performed during celebrations, weddings, harvest festivals, and even after fishing or hunting trips. It was also believed to strengthen solidarity within the community and serve as a form of social communication.

Dance Style and Movements

Horon is known for its lively rhythm and syncopated steps. Dancers usually stand side by side in a semi-circle or full circle, holding hands or shoulders, moving quickly in unison. The dance involves sudden drops, shoulder shimmies, quick hops, and coordinated foot taps. Each movement reflects the spirit of the Black Sea—wild, unpredictable, and free.

The tempo of the dance increases over time, challenging dancers to keep up with the fast beats while maintaining harmony and balance with the group.

Costumes and Music

Traditional Horon attire varies between men and women but usually includes colorful vests, baggy trousers (şalvar), belts, and headscarves. Men often wear black costumes with silver buttons and a bullet belt, representing the region’s warrior culture.

The dance is typically accompanied by the kemençe, a three-stringed fiddle that produces a high-pitched, intense sound central to the music of the Black Sea. Other instruments may include the tulum (a type of bagpipe), davul (drum), and zurna (reed instrument).

Regional Variations

While the core elements of Horon remain consistent, there are many local variations:

• Trabzon Horonu: Fast and agile, performed with short, sharp movements.

• Rize Horonu: Often features more circular movement and shoulder actions.

• Artvin Horonu: Sometimes blended with elements from Georgian dances.

Each variation reflects the geography, history, and character of the local people.

Modern Influence and Preservation

Today, Horon continues to thrive both in rural areas and on national stages. It is often taught in cultural clubs, schools, and universities across Turkey. Annual festivals, especially in the Black Sea region, keep the tradition alive.

Moreover, Horon is increasingly gaining international attention through folk dance competitions and cultural events, symbolizing Turkey’s rich and diverse cultural heritage.

Conclusion

Horon is more than just a dance; it is the pulse of the Black Sea, echoing the courage, pride, and spirit of its people. With every beat of the kemençe and every synchronized step, Horon carries centuries of tradition forward—uniting generations through the joy of music and movement.